Academic identity: A franchise under construction
Abstract
The role higher education plays in the development of society has become particularly relevant with regard to citizens’ expectations of justice and the common good. However, the way in which these institutions promote the creation of new models is paradoxical given the consolidation of an academic capitalism model in the higher education industry since the second half of the twentieth century, whose impact remains an open debate. Based on interviews with academics, this article examines how fragmented and conflicting identities are being constructed. Their accounts reveal how they emerge and re-signify their position by appropriating this model, but interpreting what it means to be an academic. Four repertoires articulate an identity based on rationalities that shape and organize them into a performativity that alienates and eventually uproots them, thus transforming the academics into passive reproducers of management-based models. It is imperative that the academic debate address how this new way of doing higher education promotes a social fabric where notions of performance and self-management permeate the mindset of future professionals, thus strengthening individualistic models of society that threaten the well-being of its members.Keywords
performativity, academic identity, Chilean universities, narratives, academic ethosReferences
ACOSTA, A. (2002). El neointervencionismo estatal en la educación superior en América Latina. Sociológica, 17(49), 43-72.
ALVESSON, M. (1999). Methodology for close ups studies: Struggling with closeness and closure. Working paper series institute of economic research. Lund: Lund University.
BECHER, T. y TOWLER, P. (2001). Academic tribes and territories. Buckingham: Open University Press.
BERNASCONI, A. (2008). Is There a Latin American Model of the University? Comparative Education Review, 52(1), 27-52.
BERNASCONI, A. (2013). Government and University Autonomy: The Governance Structure of Latin American Public Institutions. En Jorge BALÁN (ed.). Latin America’s New Knowledge Economy: Higher Education, Government, and International Collaboration (pp. 1-17). Nueva York: Institute for International Education.
BLASI, B. y ROMAGNOSI, S. (2012). Social dynamics in scientific practices: Focus on research groups. Sociologia, 46(2), 66-77.
BLASI, B.; ROMAGNOSI, S. y BONACCORSI, A. (2017). Playing the ranking game: Media coverage of the evaluation of the quality of research in Italy. Higher Education, 73(5), 741-755. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-016-9991-1
BOURDIEU, P. (2012). Homo academicus. Buenos Aires: Siglo XXI.
BUSQUET, J. (2008). Lo sublime y lo vulgar: La cultura de masas o la pervivencia de un mito. Barcelona: UOC.
BUTLER, J. (1990). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. Londres: Routledge.
BUTLER, J. (2004). Lenguaje, poder e identidad. Madrid: Síntesis.
BYUNG-CHUL, Hun (2017). La sociedad del cansancio. Barcelona: Herder.
CAPPELLO, H. (2015). La identidad universitaria: La construcción del concepto. Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, SOCIOTAM, 25(2), 33-53.
CASTILLO, J. y REYES, M. (2013). Repertorios interpretativos de la teleasistencia domiciliaria (TAD) como práctica de cuidado. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología Social Ignacio Martín-Baró, 2(2), 149-178.
CHARMAZ, K. (2006). Constructing grounded theory: A radical guide through qualitative analysis. Londres: Sage.
COURT, M. (2004). Talking Back to New Public Management Versions of Accountability in Education: A Co-Principalship’s Practices of Mutual Responsibility. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 2(32), 171-194.
DAVIES, B. (2000). A body of writing 1990-1991. Oxford: Altamira Press.
DE GAULEJAC, V. (2002). Lo irreductible social y lo irreductible psíquico. Perfiles Latinoamericanos, 10(21), 49-71.
DENZIN, N. (2001). The reflexive interview and a performative social science. Qualitative Research, 1, 23-46.
GALAZ, F. (1999). University Experience and the Academic Profession. Revista Electrónica de Investigación Educativa, 1(1). Recuperado de https://redie.uabc.mx/redie/article/view/4
GALAZ, F. (2002). La satisfacción en el trabajo de académicos en una universidad pública estatal. Perfiles Educativos, XXIV(96), 47-72.
GONZÁLEZ-CASANOVA. P. (2001). La universidad necesaria en el siglo XXI. México: Ediciones Era.
GUBA, E. y LINCOLN, Y. (2008). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions and emerging confluences. En N. DENZIN y Y. LINCOLN (eds.). The landscape of qualitative research (pp. 255-286). Londres: Sage Publications.
GUZMÁN-VALENZUELA, C. y BARNETT, R. (2013). Academic fragilities in a marketised age: The case of Chile. British Journal of Educational Studies, 61(2), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00071005.2013.776006
GUZMÁN-VALENZUELA, C. y MARTÍNEZ, M. (2016). Tensiones en la construcción de identidades académicas en una universidad chilena. Estudios Pedagógicos, 42(3), 191-206.
HOOD, C. (1995). The «New Public Management» in The 1980s: Variations on a theme. Accounting Organizations and Society, 20(2-3), 93-109.
HOLSTEIN, J. y GUBRIUM, J. (1995). The active interview. Londres: Sage.
HOLSTEIN, J. y GUBRIUM, J. (2006). Interpreting qualitative data: Active interview. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
IBARRA-COLADO, E. (2002). Capitalismo académico y globalización: La universidad reinventada. Revista de la Educación Superior, 122(31), 147-154.
IBARRA-COLADO, E. y PORTER, L. (2007). El debate sobre la evaluación: Del Homo academicus y el Homo economicus. Reencuentro, 48, 34-39.
LARRAÍN, J. (2005). ¿América latina moderna?: Globalización e identidad. Santiago de Chile: LOM.
LÓPEZ, C. (2002). Aproximación al análisis de los discursos profesionales. Signos, 35(51-52), 195-215. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-09342002005100013
MACFARLANE, B. (2011). The morphing of academic practice: Unbundling and the rise of the para-academic. Higher Education Quarterly, 65(1), 59-73. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2273.2010.00467.x
MARGINSON, S. (2000). Rethinking Academic Work in the Global Era. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 22(1), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/713678133
MARGINSON, S. (2006). Engaging democratic education in the neoliberal age. Educational Theory, 56, 205-219. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-5446.2006.00012.x
MARGINSON, S. y VAN DER WENDE, M. (2007). To Rank or To Be Ranked: The Impact of Global Rankings in Higher Education. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3-4), 306-329.
MUNITA, M.I. y REYES, J. (2011). El sistema de postgrado en Chile: Evolución y proyecciones para las universidades del Consejo de Rectores. Santiago de Chile: CRUCH ed.
NAIDORF, J.; GIORDANA, P. y HORN, M. (2007). La pertinencia social de la Universidad como categoría equívoca. Nómadas, 27, 22-33.
OCDE (2009). Informe revisión de políticas nacionales de educación: La Educación Superior en Chile. Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico.
PETERSEN, E. (2012). Re-signifying subjectivity? A narrative exploration of «non-traditional» doctoral students’ lived experience of subject formation through two Australian cases. Studies in Higher Education, 39(5), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2012.745337
PETERSEN, E. y O’FLYNN, G. (2007). The ‘good life’ and the ‘rich portfolio’: Young women, schooling and neoliberal subjectification. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 28(4), 459-472. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425690701369483
POLKINGHORNE, D. (1988). Narrative knowing and the human sciences. Nueva York: New York University Press.
POTTER, J. y WETHERELL, M. (1996). El análisis del discurso y los repertorios interpretativos. En A. GORDO y J. LINAZA (comp.). Psicologías, discursos y poder (PDP). Madrid: Visor.
REYNOLDS, J.; WETHERELL, M. y TAYLOR, S. (2007). Choice and chance: Negotiating agency in narratives of singleness. The Sociological Review, 55(2), 331-351. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954X.2007.00708.x
RIESSMAN, C.K. (2008). Narrative methods for the human sciences. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
RODRIGO-ALSINA, M. (2009). La identidad como patchwork. Revista Científica de Información y Comunicación, 6, 285-305.
RODRÍGUEZ-PONCE, E. (2011). La Educación Superior en Chile y el rol del mercado: ¿Culpable o inocente? Ingeniare: Revista Chilena de Ingeniería, 20(1), 126-135.
SISTO, V. (2007). Managerialismo y trivialización de la universidad. Nómadas, 27, 8-21.
SISTO, V. (2008). La investigación como una aventura de producción dialógica: La relación con el otro y los criterios de validación en la metodología cualitativa contemporánea. Psicoperspectivas, 7, 114-136.
SLAUGHTER, Sheila y LESLIE, Larry L. (1997). Academic Capitalism, Politics, Policies and the entrepreneurial University. Baltimore y Londres: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Published
Downloads
Copyright (c) 2019 Maite Inés Jiménez Peralta
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.